$2.50/mo: 1 i3-2100 core, 4 GiB RAM, 50 GB SSD, 1 Gbps, 1 IPv4, IPv6/64, Kansas City, Missouri, US!

Not_Oles · May 10

Back on December 19, 2024 @DrNutella mentioned the availability of a $10 US dedicated server at Nocix in Kansas City, Missouri, US. The server is an ancient Intel Core i3-2100. But, it has 16 GiB RAM, a 240GB SSD disk, and an IPv4/29 (5 useable IPs) with 1 Gbps unmetered data. Thanks to @DrNutella's post, I bought one of the servers and named it Toto. Thanks to Hurricane Electric's TunnelBroker.net, Toto also has an IPv6/48.

Yabs is shown below. Fun fact: my Duet 5 Chromebook has higher Geekbench scores than Toto!

I enjoy using Debian sid, so that's the OS Toto is running. I enjoy making KVM VPSes with Qemu using the command line. Even the simplest two word command (kvm image.qcow2) sometimes can work to make a KVM VPS, and there are very many additional sometimes tricky but always fun command line tweaks.

If anybody among my friends here is interested in sharing Toto, I ask for $2.50/month via Paypal for ssh access to make your command line KVM VPS with 1 IPv4, 1 core, 4 GB RAM, and 50 GB disk. It's also okay to work directly on the command line without making a VPS. When not everyone is using Toto at the same time, maybe we might try sharing the full 4 cores and the full 16 GB RAM among those actually using Toto at the time.

Friendly support and fun discussion are available here in this thread!

I don't know how long I will keep Toto, so let's say Toto is ephemeral. The usual MetalVPS terms also apply, including: open source software only, not for commercial use, and no service level agreement.

Here are some of the Operating Systems which I have been playing with on Toto:

Slackware

Debian Netinst ISO

Debian Nocloud

Void

OpenBSD

NetBSD

FreeBSD

9front

9legacy

Node Yabs

root@toto:~# curl -sL yabs.sh | bash
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2025-04-20                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Sat May  3 10:57:14 PM CDT 2025

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 28 minutes
Processor  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2100 CPU @ 3.10GHz
CPU cores  : 4 @ 2195.156 MHz
AES-NI     : ❌ Disabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
RAM        : 15.5 GiB
Swap       : 980.0 MiB
Disk       : 218.0 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Kernel     : 6.12.9-amd64
VM Type    : NONE
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : Hurricane Electric LLC
ASN        : AS6939 Hurricane Electric LLC
Host       : Hurricane Electric
Location   : Scottsdale, Arizona (AZ)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/mapper/s232151--vg-root):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 56.11 MB/s   (14.0k) | 78.33 MB/s    (1.2k)
Write      | 56.20 MB/s   (14.0k) | 78.75 MB/s    (1.2k)
Total      | 112.31 MB/s  (28.0k) | 157.08 MB/s   (2.4k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 102.71 MB/s    (200) | 106.37 MB/s    (103)
Write      | 108.17 MB/s    (211) | 113.46 MB/s    (110)
Total      | 210.89 MB/s    (411) | 219.83 MB/s    (213)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 864 Mbits/sec   | 104 Mbits/sec   | 94.7 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 866 Mbits/sec   | 748 Mbits/sec   | 108 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 741 Mbits/sec   | 60.3 Mbits/sec  | 193 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 689 Mbits/sec   | 511 Mbits/sec   | --             
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 915 Mbits/sec   | 311 Mbits/sec   | 47.3 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 924 Mbits/sec   | 745 Mbits/sec   | 39.8 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 825 Mbits/sec   | 104 Mbits/sec   | 137 ms         

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 454 Mbits/sec   | 291 Mbits/sec   | 95.2 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 579 Mbits/sec   | 575 Mbits/sec   | 99.2 ms        
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 515 Mbits/sec   | 528 Mbits/sec   | 193 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 214 Mbits/sec   | 435 Mbits/sec   | --             
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 626 Mbits/sec   | 558 Mbits/sec   | 49.0 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 619 Mbits/sec   | 568 Mbits/sec   | 39.9 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 565 Mbits/sec   | 484 Mbits/sec   | 136 ms         

Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 571                           
Multi Core      | 1187                          
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11805239

YABS completed in 22 min 21 sec
root@toto:~#

For comparison, here are Geekbench scores from my Lenovo Duet 5 laptop:

Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 762                           
Multi Core      | 1576                          
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/6535757

What People Are Saying

About MetalVPS

(万字测评) MetalVPS 2C 4G NAT 20端口+IPV6/128 月付$1.01USD 超快国际互联优质备份鸡、下载鸡、大盘鸡🐔 超长详细测试+点评低价大硬盘强烈推荐！！！

(10,000 words review) MetalVPS 2C 4G NAT 20 ports + IPV6/128 monthly payment $1.01USD, ultra-fast international Internet, high-quality backup chicken, download chicken, large disk chicken 🐔 Super long and detailed test + review, low-priced large hard drive, highly recommended! ! !

". . . I sent a donation of $1.01, just because. Keep doing what you do."

"MetalVPS . . . seems to have endless servers."

"@Not_Oles . . . thank you for providing machine for me to help me finish all the tests."

"I really enjoyed MetalVPS . . . I hope more people can learn together using MetalVPS."

"非常感谢Not_Oles分享免费的MetalVPS为大家使用！" "Big thanks to Not_Oles for sharing his MetalVPS for people to use!"

". . . [V]ery cool that MetalVPS is still a thing Thanks for providing this to the community, tinkering with servers is fun and a learning experience!"

"The permanent free shell account of MetalVPS is very fun!" ("MetalVPS的永久免费shell账号挺好玩的")

"This is really really cool."

"I enjoyed the section of the OP dedicated to complementary comments, including helpful links so they can be verified."

"MetalVPS used to be a high end provider, but it's becoming a sorority now."

"fun stuff indeed, appreciating the comfortable computing experience!"

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"Nice trial and results! Very interesting "

Metalvps recommended on OGF 🙈

"It just crossed my mind that I've been using your server for over half a year! It's been an amazing experience! . . . Your services deserve much more attention. "

"Wow pretty nice ! Congrats excellent options thanks for being a part of the community"

"the terms seemed exceptionally fair"

"Kernel Linux 5.11 is now in much better shape for AMD "

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"it's really quite dedicated. not all dedicated are the same."

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"really need a testing ground badly now especially with dedicated core"

"the fastest VPS I ever used"

"I've been using this one from him. Highly recommend! His support is really amazing!"

"10/10 metalvps recommended"

"very powerful"

"premium stuff"

"Grab it while the hotel still has vacant rooms."

". . . very passionate and enthusiastic about everything. Not all businesses are made this way and it's very easy to see when you interact with them. You are giving the right impression with this industry and it's wonderful to see."

"I think MetalVPS is designed in between a dedicated and a regular VPS. Some use case cannot fill the capacity of a dedicated but need more CPU than a regular VPS, and it makes sense to use MetalVPS in such situation."

About Not_Oles

"@Not_Oles seems to be the kindest, most down to earth kind of guy you could imagine. . . ."

"@Not-Oles 在此非常感谢老爷爷👴的支持以及全力帮助虽然有着非常多的时差，不过我们的交流仍然不会因此而产生隔阂，反而变得更好，我还是很喜欢这个人的，交流也没有障碍" "@Not-Oles I am very grateful to my grandfather👴 for his support and full help. Although there is a lot of time difference, our communication still does not create a barrier, but becomes better. I still like this person very much, and there is no barrier to communication."

"观察了挺长时间，没出啥问题" "I have been observing for a long time and there is no problem."

"这位老爷子看起来似乎很靠谱" "This old man seems to be very reliable"

". . . a certain... finesse."

"@Not_Oles . . . is doing all kinds of interesting work and sharing it with others"

"Hi Tom "

"Tom, you're the best "

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"especially thanks @Not_Oles , He pointed out my problems and told me the correct way to share. He is a good guy."

"I'm not in need for any free vps at the moment, but thanks for what you're doing. If I had this chance few years ago, I think my life would be different."

"I did want to thank @Not_Oles for always being so friendly. Makes me smile seeing how nice you are to everyone here."

"You are a great person."

"Possibly the most polite and enthusiastic personality in the entire LE* world with a genuine interest that runs so deep he even set up a business exclusively catering for LES. as a regular content writer for LES his articles frequently top the charts in terms of most viewed (according to google)"

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"Thanks again to @Not_Oles for valiant testing."

"you've brought a smile on my face countless times "

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Edits

May 11, 2025 -- Disk is SSD, not NVMe. Thanks to @KenTech.

AuroraZero · May 10

Hey @Not_Oles,

Why the tunnel broker? They have native ipv6 with justification.

Just curious is all and good luck with sales!!

Not_Oles · May 10

Hi @AuroraZero!

When the server was first delivered there seemed to be working IPv6. Later, after I reinstalled the server, IPv6 seemed absent. When I asked what happened, I seem to remember being told that the server didn't come with IPv6. I rechecked the promo materials, and, indeed, IPv6 wasn't listed. So I added the HE Tunnel.

Thanks for hosting the MetalVPS website on YetiNode Free!

Thanks for your good luck with sales wishes! It's okay whatever happens. It's just for fun, and, hopefully, learning!

cybertech · May 10

GLWS!

Not_Oles · May 10

Thanks @cybertech! I really doubt that anybody would want to share a server that's so old, but maybe it somehow could be helpful to one of my friends. Best wishes!

somik · May 10

@Not_Oles said:
I really doubt that anybody would want to share a server that's so old

I was thinking the same thing when I saw the thread. Moreover, I wouldn't run KVM on such low powered servers. I might have thought about running LXC containers or docker containers, but definitely not KVM...

fitkoh · May 10

It might be interesting to compare yabs of the host node to yabs of a virtualised system.

KenTech · May 10

how'd u get this dedi? it's not listed on the nocix homepage

localhost · May 10

@KenTech said:
how'd u get this dedi? it's not listed on the nocix homepage

T-was a BF/ Xmas special

Not_Oles · May 10

@somik said:

@Not_Oles said:
I really doubt that anybody would want to share a server that's so old

I was thinking the same thing when I saw the thread. Moreover, I wouldn't run KVM on such low powered servers. I might have thought about running LXC containers or docker containers, but definitely not KVM...

Hi @somik!

I posted on the LES BSD thread about compiling all of FreeBSD-15.0-current on a KVM VPS. That was on Toto, and it seemed to work.

FWIW, no problem with someone running LXC or Docker or something else.

Please see below for Yabs inside a VPS.

@fitkoh said:
It might be interesting to compare yabs of the host node to yabs of a virtualised system.

Hi @fitkoh!

Here's a Yabs inside a VPS created with the following easy command:

tom@toto:~/debian-nocloud$ kvm -nographic -m 2G -hda ./hda

Just one core by default, without -smp.

1G wasn't enough memory to run Geekbench 6. Swap could have been added. With "-m 1G":

[ 1199.130242] Out of memory: Killed process 16389 (geekbench_x86_6) total-vm:1124596kB, 
anon-rss:821796kB, file-rss:32kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:0 pgtables:1912kB oom_score_adj:0
Geekbench test failed and low memory was detected. Add at least 1GB of SWAP or use GB4 in
stead (higher compatibility with low memory systems).

The low disk performance probably could be improved significantly if the VPS were switched to virtio. Also, I forgot to enable IPv6. The ancient Node processor doesn't support AES-NI. I'm not sure why yabs thinks VM-x is disabled. If I understand right, lscpu seems to suggest that vmx is supported:

Flags:
fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat
pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm
constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc
cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3
cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt tsc_deadline_timer xsave avx
lahf_lm epb pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow flexpriority ept vpid
xsaveopt dtherm arat pln pts vnmi md_clear flush_l1d

Debian sid seems to have stuff happening currently about executable stacks and dynamically loaded shared libraries. I'm guessing that Geekbench 5 might be statically linked.

  glibc (2.41-7) unstable; urgency=medium

  Starting with glibc 2.41, shared libraries requiring an executable stack
  cannot be dynamically loaded through the dlopen mechanism from a binary that
  does not require an executable stack. This change aims to improve security,
  as the previous behavior was used as a vector for RCE (CVE-2023-38408).
  Attempting to do so will result in the following error:

    cannot enable executable stack as shared object requires: Invalid argument

  While most libraries generated in the past 20 years do not require an
  executable stack, some third-party software still need this capability. Many
  vendors have already updated their binaries to address this.

  If you need to run a program that requires an executable stack through
  dynamic loaded shared libraries, you can use the glibc.rtld.execstack
  tunable:

    Glibc6_TUNABLES=glibc.rtld.execstack=2 ./program

 -- Aurelien Jarno <[email protected]>  Sun, 13 Apr 2025 14:41:11 +0200

root@localhost:~# curl -sL yabs.sh | bash 
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2025-04-20                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Sat May 10 19:54:11 UTC 2025

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
Processor  : QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
CPU cores  : 1 @ 3092.972 MHz
AES-NI     : ❌ Disabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
RAM        : 1.9 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 12.7 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Kernel     : 6.12.9-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ❌ Offline

IPv4 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : WholeSale Internet
ASN        : AS32097 WholeSale Internet, Inc.
Host       : JSMSR Network
Location   : Kansas City, Missouri (MO)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/sda1):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 8.09 MB/s     (2.0k) | 86.80 MB/s    (1.3k)
Write      | 8.13 MB/s     (2.0k) | 87.26 MB/s    (1.3k)
Total      | 16.22 MB/s    (4.0k) | 174.06 MB/s   (2.7k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 209.84 MB/s    (409) | 213.66 MB/s    (208)
Write      | 220.99 MB/s    (431) | 227.89 MB/s    (222)
Total      | 430.84 MB/s    (840) | 441.55 MB/s    (430)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 818 Mbits/sec   | 85.1 Mbits/sec  | 97.1 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 799 Mbits/sec   | 724 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 729 Mbits/sec   | 85.9 Mbits/sec  | 196 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 680 Mbits/sec   | 596 Mbits/sec   | 208 ms         
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 841 Mbits/sec   | 212 Mbits/sec   | 41.4 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 862 Mbits/sec   | 719 Mbits/sec   | 28.4 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 709 Mbits/sec   | 75.2 Mbits/sec  | 142 ms         

Running GB6 benchmark test... *cue elevator music*[  392.127092] process 'root/2025-05-10T19_54_14+00_00/geekbench_6/geekbench_x86_64' started with executable stack
Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 545                           
Multi Core      | 544                           
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11901546

YABS completed in 25 min 46 sec
root@localhost:~#

I'm not trying to convince anyone to buy this. You all are better off elsewhere! But, Toto does have a few extra IPv4s and I only use Toto part time, so just maybe some LESbian friends might want to share. Also, many of you guys know a lot more than I do, so I definitely appreciate your hints and clues! Thanks and best wishes!

Not_Oles · May 11

Here's with IPv6 added, but still default slirp networking. Still with 1 core, 2G RAM, emulated disk.

tom@toto:~/debian-nocloud$ kvm -nographic -m 2G -hda ./hda

root@localhost:~# curl -sL yabs.sh | bash
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2025-04-20                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Sat May 10 23:41:53 UTC 2025

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
Processor  : QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
CPU cores  : 1 @ 3092.972 MHz
AES-NI     : ❌ Disabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
RAM        : 1.9 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 12.7 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Kernel     : 6.12.9-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : Hurricane Electric LLC
ASN        : AS6939 Hurricane Electric LLC
Host       : Hurricane Electric
Location   : Scottsdale, Arizona (AZ)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/sda1):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 8.05 MB/s     (2.0k) | 94.14 MB/s    (1.4k)
Write      | 8.10 MB/s     (2.0k) | 94.63 MB/s    (1.4k)
Total      | 16.16 MB/s    (4.0k) | 188.77 MB/s   (2.9k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 201.58 MB/s    (393) | 188.81 MB/s    (184)
Write      | 212.29 MB/s    (414) | 201.38 MB/s    (196)
Total      | 413.88 MB/s    (807) | 390.20 MB/s    (380)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 756 Mbits/sec   | 81.3 Mbits/sec  | 97.1 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 869 Mbits/sec   | 711 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 783 Mbits/sec   | 76.7 Mbits/sec  | 196 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 638 Mbits/sec   | 629 Mbits/sec   | 200 ms         
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 910 Mbits/sec   | 262 Mbits/sec   | 41.4 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 923 Mbits/sec   | 713 Mbits/sec   | 28.6 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 773 Mbits/sec   | 72.3 Mbits/sec  | 142 ms         

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 439 Mbits/sec   | 262 Mbits/sec   | 97.2 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 446 Mbits/sec   | 414 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 418 Mbits/sec   | 476 Mbits/sec   | 196 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 440 Mbits/sec   | 472 Mbits/sec   | --             
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 620 Mbits/sec   | 527 Mbits/sec   | 41.5 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 625 Mbits/sec   | 484 Mbits/sec   | 28.4 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 551 Mbits/sec   | 512 Mbits/sec   | 142 ms         

Running GB6 benchmark test... *cue elevator music*[  527.648465] process 'root/2025-05-10T23_41_54+00_00/geekbench_6/geekbench_x86_64' started with executable stack
Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 544                           
Multi Core      | 544                           
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11903300

YABS completed in 28 min 55 sec
root@localhost:~#

terrorgen · May 11

They used to do core 2 duo/quad dedis.

KenTech · May 11

@terrorgen said:
They used to do core 2 duo/quad dedis.

they still have em

KenTech · May 11

https://www.nocix.net/cart/?id=250

KenTech · May 11

also i don't think that the i3-2100 server has a NVMe SSD i think it has a SATA SSD might be wrong though

Not_Oles · May 11

@KenTech said:
also i don't think that the i3-2100 server has a NVMe SSD i think it has a SATA SSD might be wrong though

You're right! OP edited s/NVMe/SSD/g.

I don't know why I thought it was NVMe! I make a lot of mistakes! Thank you for catching this one!

root@toto:~# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.4 2023-08-01 r5530 [x86_64-linux-6.12.9-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-23, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Phison Driven SSDs
Device Model:     PNY CS1311 240GB SSD
Serial Number:    [redacted]
LU WWN Device Id: 5 f8db4c 161603fca
Firmware Version: CS131122
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5528
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Mar 13 23:55:34 2025 CDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (   30) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x79) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        No Auto Offline data collection support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   3) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       8626
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1060
168 SATA_Phy_Error_Count    0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
170 Bad_Blk_Ct_Lat/Erl      0x0003   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0/568
173 MaxAvgErase_Ct          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       676 (Average 583)
192 Unsafe_Shutdown_Count   0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1057
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0023   070   070   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       30 (Min/Max 30/30)
218 CRC_Error_Count         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
231 SSD_Life_Left           0x0013   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
241 Lifetime_Writes_GiB     0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       161350

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     39028         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

The above only provides legacy SMART information - try 'smartctl -x' for more

root@toto:~#

KenTech · May 11

@Not_Oles said:

@KenTech said:
also i don't think that the i3-2100 server has a NVMe SSD i think it has a SATA SSD might be wrong though

You're right! OP edited s/NVMe/SSD/g.

I don't know why I thought it was NVMe! I make a lot of mistakes! Thank you for catching this one!

root@toto:~# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.4 2023-08-01 r5530 [x86_64-linux-6.12.9-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-23, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Phison Driven SSDs
Device Model:     PNY CS1311 240GB SSD
Serial Number:    [redacted]
LU WWN Device Id: 5 f8db4c 161603fca
Firmware Version: CS131122
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5528
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Mar 13 23:55:34 2025 CDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (   30) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x79) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        No Auto Offline data collection support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   3) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       8626
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1060
168 SATA_Phy_Error_Count    0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
170 Bad_Blk_Ct_Lat/Erl      0x0003   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0/568
173 MaxAvgErase_Ct          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       676 (Average 583)
192 Unsafe_Shutdown_Count   0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1057
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0023   070   070   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       30 (Min/Max 30/30)
218 CRC_Error_Count         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
231 SSD_Life_Left           0x0013   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
241 Lifetime_Writes_GiB     0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       161350

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     39028         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

The above only provides legacy SMART information - try 'smartctl -x' for more

root@toto:~#

np just came to mind that intel cpus didn't support nvme drives until 5th gen (according to a blog post on the internet didn't remember the generation)

Not_Oles · May 11

Switching the drive file to Virtualization from Emulation seems to improve Yabs' fio's reported file IO.

Emulated 4k IOPS R+W is 4.0k for one core while Virtualized 4k IOPS R+W is 33.9k for one core and 61.1k for two cores. Emulated two cores wasn't tested.

I would have imagined that one core would be fast enough to exhaust the full read or write ability of the disk and the cache. And, with multiple cores, I would have imagined that there might be some kind of race condition when more than one core wanted to read or write at the same time. But, apparently not. If I understand correctly, it seems like the one core fio test from Yabs is not at all to be considered as a measure of the maximum read write capability of the disk. What am I missing?

The 4.0k result for Emulated one core is from the Yabs posted above.

Below are the Qemu commands for Virtualized disk with one and two cores and the Yabs result from inside the VMs made from each of the two commands.

One Core

One core is the default, so no need to specify.

qemu-system-x86_64 \
  -enable-kvm \
  -m 2G \
  -drive if=virtio,file=hda,format=qcow2 \
  -nographic

root@localhost:~# curl -sL yabs.sh | bash
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2025-04-20                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Sun May 11 21:56:38 UTC 2025

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
Processor  : QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
CPU cores  : 1 @ 3092.972 MHz
AES-NI     : ❌ Disabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
RAM        : 1.9 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 12.7 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Kernel     : 6.12.9-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : Hurricane Electric LLC
ASN        : AS6939 Hurricane Electric LLC
Host       : Hurricane Electric
Location   : Scottsdale, Arizona (AZ)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/vda1):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 67.89 MB/s   (16.9k) | 778.72 MB/s  (12.1k)
Write      | 68.07 MB/s   (17.0k) | 782.82 MB/s  (12.2k)
Total      | 135.96 MB/s  (33.9k) | 1.56 GB/s    (24.3k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 2.02 GB/s     (3.9k) | 2.20 GB/s     (2.1k)
Write      | 2.13 GB/s     (4.1k) | 2.35 GB/s     (2.2k)
Total      | 4.15 GB/s     (8.1k) | 4.55 GB/s     (4.4k)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 793 Mbits/sec   | 93.3 Mbits/sec  | 97.1 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 824 Mbits/sec   | 728 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 681 Mbits/sec   | 97.0 Mbits/sec  | 198 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 627 Mbits/sec   | 565 Mbits/sec   | 200 ms         
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 860 Mbits/sec   | 229 Mbits/sec   | 41.4 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 884 Mbits/sec   | 689 Mbits/sec   | 28.6 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 822 Mbits/sec   | 108 Mbits/sec   | 142 ms         

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 568 Mbits/sec   | 553 Mbits/sec   | 97.9 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 629 Mbits/sec   | 521 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 555 Mbits/sec   | 498 Mbits/sec   | 198 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 495 Mbits/sec   | 463 Mbits/sec   | 199 ms         
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 647 Mbits/sec   | 443 Mbits/sec   | 41.4 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 633 Mbits/sec   | 597 Mbits/sec   | 28.3 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 506 Mbits/sec   | 220 Mbits/sec   | 142 ms         

Running GB6 benchmark test... *cue elevator music*[  465.644308] process 'root/2025-05-11T21_56_39+00_00/geekbench_6/geekbench_x86_64' started with executable stack
Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 545                           
Multi Core      | 542                           
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11916456

YABS completed in 27 min 56 sec
root@localhost:~#

Two Cores

qemu-system-x86_64 \
  -enable-kvm \
  -smp 2 \
  -m 2G \
  -drive if=virtio,file=hda,format=qcow2 \
  -nographic

root@localhost:~# curl -sL yabs.sh | bash
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2025-04-20                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Sun May 11 20:50:06 UTC 2025

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
Processor  : QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
CPU cores  : 2 @ 3092.972 MHz
AES-NI     : ❌ Disabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
RAM        : 1.9 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 12.7 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
Kernel     : 6.12.9-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : Hurricane Electric LLC
ASN        : AS6939 Hurricane Electric LLC
Host       : Hurricane Electric
Location   : Scottsdale, Arizona (AZ)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/vda1):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 122.14 MB/s  (30.5k) | 1.27 GB/s    (19.8k)
Write      | 122.46 MB/s  (30.6k) | 1.27 GB/s    (19.9k)
Total      | 244.60 MB/s  (61.1k) | 2.55 GB/s    (39.8k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 1.96 GB/s     (3.8k) | 1.77 GB/s     (1.7k)
Write      | 2.06 GB/s     (4.0k) | 1.89 GB/s     (1.8k)
Total      | 4.03 GB/s     (7.8k) | 3.66 GB/s     (3.5k)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 865 Mbits/sec   | 87.0 Mbits/sec  | 97.1 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 833 Mbits/sec   | 722 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 782 Mbits/sec   | 81.5 Mbits/sec  | 197 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 669 Mbits/sec   | 576 Mbits/sec   | 200 ms         
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 805 Mbits/sec   | 249 Mbits/sec   | 41.3 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 754 Mbits/sec   | 532 Mbits/sec   | 28.4 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 633 Mbits/sec   | 118 Mbits/sec   | 142 ms         

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 562 Mbits/sec   | 535 Mbits/sec   | 97.0 ms        
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 553 Mbits/sec   | 516 Mbits/sec   | 107 ms         
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 495 Mbits/sec   | 483 Mbits/sec   | 196 ms         
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 436 Mbits/sec   | 443 Mbits/sec   | --             
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 601 Mbits/sec   | 510 Mbits/sec   | 41.4 ms        
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 622 Mbits/sec   | 502 Mbits/sec   | 28.3 ms        
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 544 Mbits/sec   | 490 Mbits/sec   | 142 ms         

Running GB6 benchmark test... *cue elevator music*[  458.263383] process 'root/2025-05-11T20_50_07+00_00/geekbench_6/geekbench_x86_64' started with executable stack
Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 545                           
Multi Core      | 977                           
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11915833

YABS completed in 22 min 24 sec
root@localhost:~#

$2.50/mo: 1 i3-2100 core, 4 GiB RAM, 50 GB SSD, 1 Gbps, 1 IPv4, IPv6/64, Kansas City, Missouri, US!

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